Effects of early enteral nutrition on nutritional status,immune function,and inflammatory factors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

YI Shu-feng; HAN Xiu-qing; YANG Xing-ju

doi:10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.20251156

Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition(EEN)on nutritional indicators,im-mune function,and inflammatory factors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods A total of 240 patients with severe TBI admitted between March 2022 and May 2023 were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group(n=120 each)using a random number table.The control group received parenteral nutrition,while the observation group received early enteral nutrition within 24 hours post-surgery.Nutritional indicators,inflammatory factors,immune function,gastrointestinal barrier function,and incidence of complications were compared before and after intervention.Results After intervention,levels of total protein(TP),prealbumin(PA),hemoglobin(HB),and albu-min(ALB)were significantly increased in both groups(t=5.766,3.749,5.025,10.547,P＜0.05),with higher lev-els observed in the observation group compared to the control group(P＜0.05).CD4+/CD8+,IgM,IgG,and IgA levels increased post-intervention(P＜0.05),with higher values in the observation group(t=15.200,13.186,6.418,7.305,P＜0.05).Inflammatory markers TNF-α,CRP,and PCT decreased in both groups(P＜0.05),with lower levels in the observation group(t=12.677,25.205,31.882,P＜0.05).Gastrointestinal barrier indicators,including diamine oxidase(DAO),endotoxin,and D-lactate,were reduced post-intervention(P＜0.05),with the observation group showing better improvement(t=15.219,28.722,11.773,P＜0.05).No significant differences were observed in the incidence of pulmonary infection or abdominal distension(P＞0.05),but electrolyte imbalance occurred less fre-quently in the observation group(5.00％vs.19.17,x2=11.335,P＜0.05).Conclusion Early enteral nutrition in patients with severe TBI can effectively improve nutritional status,enhance immune function,reduce inflammatory respon-ses,and maintain gut mucosal integrity,thereby reducing the occurrence of complications.