Analysis of developmental characteristics of language-related disorders in children

RAN Yu-chen; NIE Jing; LI Ting-ting; ZHUO Bi-juan; WU Xiao-ling

doi:10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.20242806

Abstract：Objective To explore the language development characteristics and influencing factors of develop-mental disorders related to language in children,in order to provide a basis for early diagnosis and treatment of these con-ditions.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 870 children who visited the Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023.The children were divided into three groups:autism spec-trum disorder(ASD)group(411 cases),global development delay(GDD)group(310 cases),and language develop-ment delay(LDD)group(149 cases).The developmental status of the three groups was compared.Results The ASD group had significantly lower developmental quotients(DQs)in gross motor,fine motor,adaptive behavior,language,and personal-social areas compared to the GDD and LDD groups.The GDD group also showed significantly lower DQs in the five domains compared to the LDD group(P＜0.05).The composition ratio of social adaptability levels in the three groups showed significant differences(P＜0.05).The delayed rate in adaptive behavior was significantly higher in the ASD group than in the GDD group(70.31％vs.59.36％).The delayed rate in gross motor development in the ASD and GDD groups(37.47％,31.94％)was significantly lower than in other areas(P＜0.01),while the delay rate in person-al-social development(84.91％,87.10％)was significantly higher than in other areas(P＜0.01).The composition ratio of developmental quotients in the language domain also showed significant differences among the three groups(P＜0.05),with the ASD group having more severe language development delays compared to the other two groups(P＜0.05).Language DQ was positively correlated with the DQs of non-verbal domains,with a strong positive correlation be-tween language DQ and personal-social domain(r=0.630,P＜0.001),and a negative correlation with social adapta-bility(r=-0.491,P＜0.001).Conclusion Children with ASD,GDD,and LDD all show imbalanced development across various domains.The LDD group performs better in all developmental domains compared to the ASD and GDD groups.Children with ASD have more severe language delays compared to those with LDD and GDD.Additionally,GDD and ASD children show better gross motor development compared to other developmental domains.Furthermore,language development is highly correlated with non-language domains.