Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid on biological function of colorectal cancer cells and bioinformatics analysis

DONG Yan; ZHOU Di; XIE Ya-shu; CHENG Zhao-jin; FAN Yao-dong

doi:10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.20230711

Abstract：Objective To investigate the biological effects of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PU-FAs)on colorectal cancer cells,their impact on cell viability when combined with oxaliplatin,and their influence on the gene expression profile of colorectal cancer cells.Methods Colorectal cancer cell lines HT29 and RKO were treated with three types of polyunsaturated fatty acids[arachidonic acid(AA),do cosahexaenoic acid(DHA),and eicosapen-taenoic acid(EPA)].Cell viability was assessed using a CCK-8 assay,apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry,and cell proliferation was evaluated in combination with oxaliplatin.Gene expression profiling of HT29 cells treated with AA and EPA was conducted using microarrays,and differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR.Results Increased concentrations of the three polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly reduced the prolifera-tion of HT29 and RKO cells(P＜0.05).When combined with oxaliplatin,cell viability was significantly lower compared to individual treatments.AA,DHA,and EPA caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase(P＜0.05),and the propor-tion of apoptotic cells showed a concentration-dependent relationship with the polyunsaturated fatty acids.Treatment with A A and EPA led to changes in fatty acid metabolism and tumor-related signaling pathways in HT29 cells.The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the microarray findings.Conclusion ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest,thereby inhibiting colorectal cancer cell proliferation.They also enhance the drug effects of oxaliplatin,with the effect being the most pronounced for EPA,followed by DHA and then AA.Additionally,the gene expression profile related to tumorigenesis is altered.