The prevalence of islet autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus and its association with disease duration

YUAN Feng-yi; LI Sheng-zhong; LIU Li; XU Dan; XU Ping

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9448.2018.03.012

Abstract：Objective To explore the prevalence of islet autoantibodies in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus( T1DM) and its association with disease duration. Methods The clinical data of 52 adults with T1DM and 67 healthy controls were collected. Serum samples were used of for biomedical, glucose and lipid tests. Islet diabetes, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody ( GADA) , protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody ( IA-2A) , and zinc transporter eight antibody ( ZnT8A) were detected by radio-ligand assay. The clinical characteristics of patients with autoantibody positive and autoantibody negative were compared. Furthermore, the patients were divided into four groups according to the duration:< 1 year, 1-5years, 5-9 years and ≥10 years. Results Twenty-eight ( 53. 85％) patients were positive for at least one antibody. Among the patients with single positive antibody, 26 ( 50. 00％) , 11 ( 21. 15％) and 5 ( 9. 62％) patients were positive for GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8A, respectively. Compared with antibody-negative group, the patients with antibody positive were later onset, with shorter duration and lower serum creatinine, and were more likely to be only child ( P＜ 0. 05 for each) . The disease duration was strong associated with the prevalence of the antibodies after adjustment for other significant factors using logistic analysis ( OR =0. 785, 95％ CI 0. 623-0. 989, P＜ 0. 05) . 80. 0％ of patients were positive for antibody in duration group of 1-5 years. Conclusion More than half of the adults with T1DM are positive for islet autoantibodies. The prevalence of GADA is significantly higher than IA-2A and ZnT8A. The prevalence of the antibodies depends on the disease duration.