Emission Characteristics and Inventory of PCDD/Fs in Fine Particulate Matter from Domestic Biomass and Coal Combustion in China
Wu Jian
Peng Yong
Kong Shaofei
Hu Yao
Qin Xujing
Wu Zheng
Qi Shihua
Abstract：Indoor simulation combustion experiments were performed using a dilution tunnel sampling system.The emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from domestic biomass and coal combustion were analyzed using isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(HRGC/HRMS),with subsequent calculation of emission factors.By integrating China's fuel consumption and population density data,we developed a"bottom-up"emission inventory for PM2.5-bound PCDD/Fs from domestic biomass and coal combustion in China.The key findings are as follows:(1)The mass concentrations of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from domestic biomass and coal combustion ranged from 0.181 to 4.700 pg/m3,with international toxic equivalent(I-TEQ)concentrations of 0.081 to 2.300 pg I-TEQ/m3.Congener analysis revealed that 2,3,7,8-T4CDD(P<0.01,R2=0.90)showed strong correlations with I-TEQ concentration,suggesting its potential as reliable toxicity indicators for PM2.5-bound PCDD/Fs from domestic biomass and coal combustion.(2)The mass-based emission factors of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 were(1.82±0.97)ng/kg for biomass combustion and(4.09±2.76)ng/kg for coal combustion.The corresponding I-TEQ emission factors were(0.40±0.21)ng I-TEQ/kg(domestic biomass)and(0.53±0.24)ng I-TEQ/kg(domestic coal).(3)In 2021,the total emissions of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from domestic biomass and coal combustion reached 90.0 g I-TEQ.With spatial analysis showing emission hotspots(>8 μg I-TEQ/km2)concentrated in Northeast and East China.Compared to previous studies,the emissions of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from waste incineration(22.56 g I-TEQ)and industrial combustion(208 g I-TEQ)were 0.2 times and 1.5 times those from domestic biomass and coal combustion,respectively.These results highlight that domestic biomass and coal combustion represent non-negligible and substantial sources of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5.(4)The estimated inhalation cancer risks were(9.5±7.2)×10-5 for domestic biomass combustion and(3.1±1.7)×10-5 for domestic coal combustion,representing 3.3-fold and 1.1-fold increases respectively over occupational exposure risks for industrial workers((2.88±2.45)×10-5).
Keywords：particulate emissionsPCDD/Fsdomestic biomassdomestic coalemission characteristicsemission inventoryair pollution
Publication Date：2025-09-30
Online Publishing Date：2025-10-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：13( 3441-3453 )