Analysis of Factors Influencing Relapse After Surgery in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

doi:10.16048/j.issn.2095-5561.2025.05.15

Abstract：Objective To explore the factors influencing relapse after surgery in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Methods A total of 82 NMOSD patients treated at Taiyuan Central Hospital from January 2014 to January 2023 were selected, including 26 males and 56 females, with a mean age of (35.37±8.40) years (age range 20-52 years). According to whether they relapsed within one year after treatment, the patients were divided into relapse group (n=43) and non-relapse group (n=39). The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected in both groups. Baseline data of the patients were collected, including gender, age, body mass index, laboratory indicators [white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, antinuclear antibody (ANA)], Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, spinal cord involvement site, number of involved segments, and AQP4-IgG expression status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing relapse in NMOSD patients. Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of spinal cord involvement segments ≥6, ANA positivity, and high levels of IFN-γ were independent risk factors for relapse in NMOSD patients, while low levels of IL-10 were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion The number of spinal cord involvement segments ≥6, ANA positivity, and high IFN-γ levels are independent risk factors for relapse in NMOSD patients, while low IL-10 levels are protective factors. Early intervention targeting these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of relapse.