Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on cognitive impairment induced by low temperature in mice

LIU Ying; YOU Ping-fei; CHENG Feng; WANG Ze-wei; DAI Jing; CAO Bin-jian; JIN Hong-xu

doi:10.16048/j.issn.2095-5561.2024.05.02

Abstract：Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 on long-term cognitive impairment caused by hypothermia in mice.Methods A total of 24 male healthy adult C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control group(n=8),the low-temperature group(n=8)and the ginsenoside Rg1 group(n=8).The mice in the low-temperature group were kept at 4℃for 3 h per day for 4 weeks,and the mice in the ginsenoside Rg1 group were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg of ginsenoside Rg1 per day.The memory capacity of rats was evaluated by the water maze,and the levels of mouse neuronal nuclei(NeuN),microtubule associated protein-2(MAP-2),brain nerve growth factor(NGF),brain-derived neurotrophic factors(BDNF),tyrosine kinase receptor A(TrkA)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)protein expression,and malondialdehyde(MAD)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX2)were measured.Results The latency period of mice in the ginsenoside Rg1 group was shorter than that of low-temperature group,the number of crossing platforms was more than that of low-temperature group,the target quadrant time was longer than that of low-temperature group.The expression levels of NeuN and MAP-2 proteins were higher than that of low-temperature group,the expression levels of NGF and BDNF in brain tissues were higher than that of low-temperature group,the levels of TrkA and TrkB proteins in brain tissues were higher than that of low-temperature group,and the levels of MDA and COX2 in brain tissues were lower than that of low-temperature group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 can improve long-term cognitive function impairment caused by low temperature in mice,and its mechanism is related to the regulation of neurotrophic factors and TrkA/TrkB receptors,as well as the reduction of oxidative stress.