A beagle dog rescue model for uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock caused by combined thora-coabdominal injuries during sanitary train evacuation
Gu Qiang
Zhu Jingya
Tang Ling
Li Dandan
Xiao Shizhi
Xiong Qi
Zeng Qinya
Li Xiaolong
Li Liqi
Xiao Xudong
Abstract：Objective To establish a model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock(UHS)caused by com-bined thoracoabdominal injuries in beagle dogs,to stimulate unexpected rescue emergencies during sanitary train e-vacuation,and to promote rescue skills.Methods This animal experiment was conducted on 18 beagle dogs of ap-proximately 2 years old and 9-15 kg weight,11.8 kg on average.The dogs were randomly divided into three groups u-sing the random number table:group A(control group,trauma dogs without shock modeling or resuscitation treat-ment),group B(autologous blood transfusion group,shock dogs receiving autologous blood transfusion),and group C(limited resuscitation group,shock dogs undergoing resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution).Anesthesia in-duction was carried out at a field training site.A combined thoracoabdominal injury model was constructed on all the animals,i.e.,hemopneumothorax by modified Wigger's method and abdominal wall puncture by using a sharp knife.After modeling(recorded as 0 min),the dogs were handled according to 4 experimental periods:(1)0-60 min:animals were transferred to the sanitary train,and those in groups B and C underwent bloodletting to simulate hemorrhagic shock;(2)60-120 min:resuscitation treatment with autologous blood transfusion(group B)or lactated Ringer's solution(group C);(3)120-180 min:preoperative preparation;(4)180-300 min:surgical treatment,including thoracic drainage and exploratory laparotomy for abdominal hemostasis.The parameters of mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),arterial blood lactic acid(Lac),arterial blood base excess(BE),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),creatinine(Cr),hemoglobin content(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),red blood cell count(RBC),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),and fibrinogen(FIB)were recorded at the five time points of 0,60,120,180,and 300 min.Results All the 18 experi-mental dogs were successfully modeled and survived after 72 h.Compared with group A,groups B and C showed sig-nificantly lower MAP,CVP,RBC,and BE at 60 min after bloodletting(all P<0.05),along with significantly higher Lac,ALT,and Cr(all P<0.05).At120 min after resuscitation,MAP in group B increased rapidly but didnot ex-ceed that in group A(mmHg,73.8±4.5 vs.84.3±5.5,P<0.05),while MAP in group C remained at a low level compared with group A(mmHg,50.3±3.5 vs.84.3±5.5,P<0.001);CVP showed a similar trend to MAP.Af-ter the treatment surgeries(300 min),group B showed much better results than group C in terms of Hb(g/L,113.2±4.2 vs.93.2±8.3),RBC(×1012/L,5.12±0.3vs.4.02±0.4),BE(mmol/L,-4.60±0.23 vs.-7.61±0.24),Lac(mmol/L,6.42±0.46 vs.9.32±0.43),ALT(U/L,53.5±1.4 vs.73.2±2.3),Cr(μmol/L,51.6±1.9 vs.66.6±1.4),FIB(g/L,6.64±0.62 vs.8.73±0.41)(all P<0.01),but PT,APTT,and TT revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).Conclusion This study successfully es-tablished a UHS model of combined thoracoabdominal injuries in beagle dogs.Both autologous blood transfusion and limited resuscitation were effective.Our animal model is helpful formedical training of UHS rescue in field rescue and during sanitary train evacuation.
Keywords：Thoracoabdominal injuriesUncontrolled hemorrhagic shockAnimal modelBeagle dog
Publication Date：2025-10-15
Online Publishing Date：2025-11-07(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：7( 725-731 )