From electromagnetic compatibility to electromagnetic safety in high-speed railways

WEN Yinghong; FAN Shihao

doi:10.11860/j.issn.1673-0291.20250150

Abstract：With the continuous expansion and technological upgrading of China's high-speed railway systems,the electromagnetic complexity of the operating environment has significantly increased.In particular,the frequent appearance of strong external electromagnetic interference sources has posed unprecedented challenges to the stable operation of the system.The traditional electromagnetic com-patibility(EMC)framework,which focuses primarily on improving device immunity,shows evident limitations when dealing with random and strong external electromagnetic interference,such as de-layed response and poor adaptability.These shortcomings make it difficult to meet the current high de-mands for system functional stability,mission continuity,and rapid recovery.To address these chal-lenges,this paper systematically reviews the current research progress in the field of EMC for high-speed railways in China,with a particular focus on key technical aspects such as interference source modeling,coupling path identification,disturbance immunity evaluation of critical equipment,and system-level protection strategies.On this basis,a new research framework for electromagnetic safety is proposed,with train control capability retention as the core objective.This framework aims to shift from"passive immunity"to"intelligent defense and autonomous recovery,"and it includes essential components such as intelligent interference identification and perception,multi-physical-field coupled network modeling,electromagnetic interference risk propagation mechanisms,active protection tech-nologies,and experimental validation methods.Research findings indicate that electromagnetic safety,as an extension of the traditional EMC system,represents a key pathway to ensuring the high safety and high reliability of high-speed railway systems under complex electromagnetic environments.The outcomes of this study can provide theoretical foundations and technical references for the future design and engineering implementation of electromagnetic protection in high-speed railway systems.