Optimization of bus routes connecting to metro station clusters considering station transfers
WANG Lianzhen
DU Yifei
LIU Keyi
ZHOU Ming
XUE Shuqi
Abstract：To enhance the efficiency of bus-metro connectivity,this study conducts a coordinated opti-mization of the spatial-temporal distribution of passenger flows and transfer efficiency for feeder bus routes serving metro station clusters.A multi-objective optimization model is proposed,aiming to minimize the total system cost while maximizing network transfer demand.A penalty mechanism for both transfer time and number of transfers is incorporated to constrain cases involving two or more transfers,encouraging the system to reduce unnecessary transfers during route design.To solve the model,a hybrid genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed,integrating an adaptive elite retention strategy and a dynamic inertia weight adjustment mechanism.Results indicate that,compared with the original bus network,the optimized system increases bus carrying capacity by approximately 23%,reduces average passenger travel cost by about 9%,and improves algorithm effi-ciency with a 15.4%faster runtime compared to conventional genetic algorithms.The proposed model demonstrates superior performance across multiple key indicators,including transfer appeal and travel cost,thereby validating its effectiveness in improving the operational efficiency and service quality of feeder bus networks.This work offers valuable insights for the refined management and intelligent upgrading of urban public transportation systems.
Keywords：urban transportationmetro station clustersfeeder bus routesmulti-objective coordi-nated optimizationhybrid genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm
Publication Date：2025-08-30
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：11( 41-51 )