Research on restoration strategies for the vulnerability of air-rail intermodal transportation networks considering competitive effects
ZHAO Guihong
GUO Jiayu
ZOU Can
Abstract：To investigate the competitive impact of the rapid expansion of high-speed rail on civil avia-tion and to further enhance the structural stability of the air-rail intermodal transportation network,this study proposes a vulnerability assessment and restoration strategy that incorporates competitive ef-fects.First,based on the dynamic equilibrium relationship between passenger travel demand and trans-portation supply,an air-rail competition effect index is introduced to improve the network vulnerability assessment model.Second,in response to various attack strategies and failure scenarios,a restoration model is developed with the dual objectives of minimizing both restoration cost and network vulnerabil-ity,and is solved using a particle swarm optimization algorithm.Finally,a multi-scenario comparative analysis is conducted using China Eastern Airline-China Railway intermodal network as a case study to determine optimal restoration sequences under different scenarios.The results indicate that incorpo-rating the air-rail competition effect index increases the average node vulnerability index by approxi-mately twofold,significantly improving the identification and accuracy of critical nodes.By classifying city nodes according to their vulnerability levels,15 severely vulnerable cities,including Shanghai,Nanjing,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,and Xiamen,are identified.Under deliberate attack scenarios,node and regional failure restoration strategies yield the best results,with more balanced traffic distribution,a 23%increase in restoration cost,and more than a twofold improvement in overall network perfor-mance.
Keywords：air-rail integrationcompetitive effectsnetwork vulnerabilityattack strategiesrestora-tion model
Publication Date：2025-04-30
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：12( 36-47 )