["Carry the Responsibility of Flood and Drought Control","Establish a Comprehensive Defense System","Effectively Respond to Historical Rare Water and Drought Disasters during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period"]

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2025.24.013

Abstract：["During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China faced frequent and severe water and drought disasters, with some areas experiencing historically rare flood and drought conditions. The work on water and drought disaster prevention resolutely implemented the important instructions and comments of General Secretary Xi Jinping on flood and drought control and disaster relief, followed the deployment and decisions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, adhered to the people-centered and life-first principle, established a bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking mindset, and implemented and detailed all preventive measures. Scientifically responding to floods exceeding warning levels in 4,136 rivers across the country, 231 rivers with the largest floods since recorded measurements, effectively dealing with 55 numbered floods in major rivers, as well as the most severe autumn flood in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in 2021, the continuous severe drought in the Pearl River Basin (region) from autumn to spring in 2021-2022, the special heavy flood in the Bei River of the Pearl River Basin in 2022, the most severe drought in the Yangtze River Basin in 60 years, the historically rare saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze River estuary, the regional special heavy flood in the Haihe River in July 2023, the full basin floods in the Xijiang, Bei River, Dongjiang, and Hanjiang rivers of the Pearl River Basin (region) in 2024, and two floods exceeding measured records in the Ussuri River of the Songliao River Basin. In 2025, the Hanjiang River Basin experienced a sharp fluctuation from drought to flood, and the Yujian River had the largest flood since 2001. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the average annual number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters decreased from 481 during the 13th Five-Year Plan period to 377, and the proportion of flood disaster losses to GDP dropped from 0.28% during the 13th Five-Year Plan period to 0.18%. It effectively ensured the drinking water needs of drought-stricken people, large livestock, and scale breeding, as well as the timely irrigation water for crops in irrigation areas, ensuring food security."]