Value of High-Frequency Ultrasound Combined with Anti-Tg Level Detection in Distinguishing Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules

doi:10.16458/j.cnki.1007-0893.2025.11.019

Abstract：Objective: To analyze the value of high-frequency ultrasound combined with serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody (Anti-Tg) level detection in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: A total of 90 patients with thyroid nodules admitted to Puyang City TCM Hospital from March 2022 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects. All patients underwent high-frequency ultrasound examination, and serum Anti-Tg levels were measured using the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. According to the pathological results, the patients were divided into benign group and malignant group. The high-frequency ultrasound parameters, high-frequency ultrasound signs, and serum Anti-Tg levels of the two groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to analyze the value of high-frequency ultrasound parameters and serum Anti-Tg levels in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Results: Pathological examination found that among the 90 patients with thyroid nodules, 34 had malignant nodules and 56 had benign nodules. The incidence of unclear boundaries, irregular shape, longitudinal growth direction, angular margins, presence of acoustic shadow, low echogenicity, and type III blood flow distribution was higher in the malignant group than in the benign group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), and serum Anti-Tg levels were also higher in the malignant group than in the benign group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) (95% CI) for PSV, RI, Anti-Tg alone and in combination in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 0.802 (0.695–0.910), 0.724 (0.601–0.848), 0.828 (0.727–0.928), and 0.907 (0.831–0.983), respectively. Conclusion: Serum Anti-Tg is highly expressed in patients with malignant thyroid nodules, mainly presenting with high-frequency ultrasound signs such as unclear boundaries, irregular shape, angular margins, and longitudinal growth direction. The combination of high-frequency ultrasound parameters and serum Anti-Tg level detection can enhance the diagnostic value for distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules.