Effect of a Calorie-Restricted Balanced Dietary Pattern on Glycemic Control, Weight Loss, and Fat Reduction in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Combined with Diabetes Mellitus

doi:10.12104/j.issn.1674-4748.2025.23.019

Abstract：Objective: To explore the effect of a calorie-restricted balanced dietary pattern on glycemic control, weight loss, and fat reduction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) combined with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A total of 96 patients with NAFLD combined with DM who visited The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from June 2023 to February 2024 were randomly divided into a control group (n=48) and an observation group (n=48). The control group received routine intervention, while the observation group received a calorie-restricted balanced dietary pattern in addition to routine intervention. Both groups received continuous intervention for 3 months. The effects of weight loss, fat reduction, glycemic control, and self-management before and after intervention were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of adverse events during the intervention period was recorded. Results: After intervention, the waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, fat mass (FM), trunk fat mass, and visceral fat area (VFA) of both groups decreased, with more significant decreases observed in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 hPPG) levels of both groups decreased compared to before intervention and at 1 month post-intervention, with more significant decreases observed in the observation group (P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of the Self-Management Behavior Scale for Diabetes (SDSCA) and the NAFLD Patient Self-Management Scale increased in both groups, with more significant improvements observed in the observation group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups during the intervention period (P>0.05). Conclusion: Applying a calorie-restricted balanced dietary pattern in patients with NAFLD combined with DM can improve weight loss and fat reduction, enhance glycemic control, and improve self-management ability without increasing the incidence of adverse events during the intervention period, indicating good application effectiveness.