Study on the Electrophysiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Poor Prognosis in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5775.2025.17.007

Abstract：Objective: To understand the electrophysiological characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and analyze the factors associated with poor prognosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 30 GBS patients admitted to Jiujiang First People's Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Patients were divided into a mild group (Hughes score ≤3 points, 18 cases) and a severe group (Hughes score >3 points, 12 cases) based on their condition during the peak period. The abnormality of neurophysiological indicators was compared between the two groups. All patients were followed up for 3 months, and according to their Hughes scores after 3 months, they were divided into a good prognosis group (Hughes score ≤2 points, 16 cases) and a poor prognosis group (Hughes score >2 points, 14 cases). General information of these two subgroups was collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analysis to identify factors associated with poor prognosis in GBS patients. Results: The rates of motor nerve abnormalities, sensory nerve abnormalities, H-reflex abnormalities, and F-wave abnormalities were higher in the severe group than in the mild group, with statistically significant differences (χ2=4.537, 5.625, 4.434, 5.000, P<0.05). In the poor prognosis group, the proportions of patients with a disease duration ≥1 week before admission, MRC score ≤30 at admission, mechanical ventilation, motor nerve abnormalities, sensory nerve abnormalities, and cerebrospinal fluid protein >450 mg/L were higher, with statistically significant differences (χ2=4.693, 4.821, 6.718, 6.451, 6.696, 9.020, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that disease duration before admission, MRC score at admission, mechanical ventilation, motor nerve abnormalities, sensory nerve abnormalities, F-wave abnormalities, and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein were all related factors for poor prognosis in GBS patients (OR=1.752, 1.704, 1.677, 1.786, 1.829, 1.640, P<0.05). Conclusion: There are certain differences in electrophysiological characteristics between severe and mild GBS patients. Clinically, monitoring neurophysiological indicators can help assess the severity of the condition. The factors associated with poor prognosis in GBS patients are diverse, and clinical attention should be paid to monitoring and intervening in patients with relevant risk factors to reduce the risk of poor prognosis as much as possible.