Prognostic Analysis of Minimally Invasive Administration of Pulmonary Surfactant and Non-invasive Nasal Positive Pressure Ventilation in Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5775.2025.14.008

Abstract：Objective: To analyze the prognostic effects of minimally invasive administration of pulmonary surfactant combined with non-invasive nasal positive pressure ventilation in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Methods: A total of 76 preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted to Xiaiyi County People's Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 38 cases in each group. The control group received non-invasive nasal positive pressure ventilation, while the observation group received minimally invasive administration of pulmonary surfactant combined with non-invasive nasal positive pressure ventilation. The clinical efficacy, blood gas parameters before and after treatment, post-treatment inflammatory levels, incidence of adverse events, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=5.604, P<0.05). After treatment, the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and pH levels of both groups increased, with the observation group showing significantly higher values than the control group. The arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) levels decreased in both groups, with the observation group showing significantly lower values than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=8.561, 7.683, 4.706, P<0.05). The white blood cell (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of both groups decreased, with the observation group showing significantly lower levels than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.751, 6.094, 4.722, P<0.05). During treatment, the incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=4.145, P<0.05). The prognosis of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=5.208, P<0.05). Conclusion: Treating preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome using minimally invasive administration of pulmonary surfactant combined with non-invasive nasal positive pressure ventilation can effectively improve blood gas parameters, reduce inflammatory responses, decrease the likelihood of adverse events, and improve the prognosis of the infants.