Expression and Clinical Significance of JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600E in Thyroid Cancer Tissues

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5775.2025.08.020

Abstract：Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2), sex determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9), and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) V600E in thyroid cancer tissues. Methods: A total of 126 thyroid cancer patients treated at the hospital from April 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the thyroid cancer group, and 126 patients with benign thyroid tumors during the same period were selected as the benign control group. The positive expression rates of JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600E were compared between the two groups, and their positive expression in different pathological features was analyzed. The diagnostic value of combined detection of JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600E for thyroid cancer was also evaluated. Results: The positive expression rates of JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600E in the thyroid cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign control group (x2=265.597, 161.518, 217.214, P<0.05). JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600E were closely related to differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging. JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600E showed high expression in well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients and those with lymph node metastasis, and their expression increased with the progression of TNM staging (x2=5.402, 7.228, 14.714; x2=6.084, 6.701, 8.380; x2=4.524, 5.847, 19.452, P<0.05). The expression of JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600 in breast cancer tissues at admission was positively correlated with differentiation degree, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis (r=0.547, 0.517, 0.544; r=0.539, 0.547, 0.533; r=0.579, 0.547, 0.566, P<0.05). Using pathology as the standard, the combined detection of JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600 had a sensitivity of 92.86% (117/126), specificity of 70.63% (89/126), and accuracy of 81.75% (206/252) for early thyroid cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: JAK2, SOX9, and BRAF V600 have high positive expression rates in thyroid cancer patients and are closely related to clinical pathological features. The combined detection of these three markers has certain diagnostic value for thyroid cancer and can provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.