Analysis of the Sedative and Analgesic Effects of Dexmedetomidine During Spinal Anesthesia

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5775.2025.06.007

Abstract：Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine treatment in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia and its impact on stress responses. Methods: A total of 54 patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair under epidural anesthesia at Hengyang Central Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into a conventional group and an experimental group, with 27 cases in each group. The anesthetic effects, auditory evoked potential index at different time points, hemodynamic changes during different periods, plasma cortisol levels, incidence of postoperative cognitive impairment, and stress indicators before and after surgery were analyzed. Results: The excellent rate of anesthesia in the experimental group was higher than that in the conventional group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=7.477, P<0.05). At 30 minutes and 1 hour after anesthesia, the results of the experimental group were lower than those of the conventional group, with statistically significant differences (t=3.690, 5.595, P<0.05). After medication, at 10 minutes, 1 hour, and at the end of surgery, the mean arterial pressure and heart rate of the experimental group were lower than those of the conventional group, with statistically significant differences (t=2.464, 0.582, 5.483; t=2.114, 2.272, 2.213, P<0.05). Postoperatively, the plasma cortisol level of the experimental group was lower than that of the conventional group, with a statistically significant difference (t=2.577, P<0.05). At 24 hours, 3 days, and 1 week postoperatively, the incidence of postoperative cognitive impairment in the experimental group was lower than that in the conventional group, with statistically significant differences (χ2=5.373, 4.418, 5.510, P<0.05). On postoperative day 1, the norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in the experimental group were lower than those in the conventional group, with statistically significant differences (t=6.104, 9.991, P<0.05). Conclusion: Clinically, administering dexmedetomidine during spinal anesthesia can reduce the patient's stress response, provide good sedative and analgesic effects, and is more beneficial for the recovery of cognitive function, faster awakening, and better prognosis.