Study on the Effects of Five Key Cultivation Techniques on the Occurrence of Black Rot in Greenhouse Grapes

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6114.2025.02.005

Abstract：In order to explore green control techniques for black rot in greenhouse grapes and improve grape yield and quality, this study compared the effects of different grape varieties, different furrow conditions, different fertilizer levels, winter pruning versus non-pruning, and different ventilation conditions in greenhouses on the occurrence of black rot in greenhouse grapes. The results showed that the disease leaf rates of Xiahei, Yangguang Meigui, and Langman Hongyan were 12.4%, 9.0%, and 9.4%, respectively, all showing a certain degree of resistance to black rot, with Yangguang Meigui and Langman Hongyan exhibiting better resistance than Xiahei. The earlier the variety ripens, the earlier the disease occurs, with all entering the peak incidence period before fruit maturity. The treatment with furrows 20 cm deep and 20 cm wide had a heavier disease incidence than the treatment with furrows 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide, with disease leaf rates of 16.8% and 12.2%, respectively. The disease leaf rates for organic fertilizer 2500 kg + compound fertilizer 100 kg + urea 15 kg, organic fertilizer 3000 kg + compound fertilizer 75 kg + urea 10 kg, and organic fertilizer 3500 kg + compound fertilizer 50 kg + urea 5 kg were 15.8%, 12.2%, and 11.8%, respectively, indicating that higher nitrogen application is conducive to the occurrence of black rot. Winter pruning resulted in lighter black rot incidence compared to winter non-pruning, with disease leaf rates of 12.2% and 15.4%, respectively, and the onset of the disease was earlier when winter pruning was not performed. Timely ventilation resulted in less black rot occurrence compared to untimely ventilation, with disease leaf rates of 12.0% and 15.8%, respectively. Practice has proven that disease-resistant grape varieties, reasonable ditching to control field humidity, increased application of organic fertilizer, controlled use of nitrogen fertilizer, timely winter pruning, and timely ventilation in greenhouses are effective cultivation measures to effectively control the occurrence of black rot in greenhouse grapes.